Grinding is precision finishing with an abrasive wheel, removing small amounts of material to hit tight tolerances and fine surface finishes — usually on hardened parts after machining and heat treat. It's the standard way to finish hardened surfaces the way turning or milling can't.
It's a family of machines by geometry: surface (flat), cylindrical (OD/ID of round parts), centerless (high-volume OD), and jig grinding (precise holes and forms).
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